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The “Heating Up” team in Boston, MA
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Jason Talbot
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Explore The Hudson CMP
Explore the Hudson
Hello everyone, Josh here from Children’s Media Project in Poughkeepsie, NY working with our youth directors, Reed and Amina, on “Explore the Hudson,” our Heating Up documentary on climate change in the Hudson River Valley. We have a had a great time working on the film and have collected some really incredible material from the area:For our first shoot we were welcomed aboard the Sloop Clearwater for an educational sail. Clearwater is an environmental education organization that was started by Pete Seeger and is committed to cleaning up the Hudson River. It was a gorgeous day on the river and we interviewed Clearwater educators, crew, and staff as well as New York State Congressman Maurice Hinchey. We also went fishing, hoisted the sails, and had a great music session on the boat. Reed and Amina even got to steer the sloop!
Next we interviewed Ned Sullivan, Executive Director of Scenic Hudson, one of the most active and well established environmental conservation organizations in the Hudson Valley (and in the US). Ned provided some great info about the beauty of the river as a natural resource, the effects of climate change, and steps we can take towards conservation. We filmed the interview right on the river and were lucky to see one of the crew teams practicing on the water.
We also had the great opportunity to interview Dr. Stewart Findlay, a leading climate change expert at the Cary Institute for Ecosystem Studies. Dr. Findlay offered some scientific insight from his research on climate change and lent some invaluable info about the visible effects of climate change on the Hudson River. Dr. Findlay also provided us with a perspective on the future timeline of climate change, including the steps that we must take to prevent irreversible threats to our planet.
Now we’re up to our necks in the editing process and are really seeing the film take shape. Reed and Amina put together a great rough cut and received permission from Bill Staines to use his song “River” in the opening sequence and as the theme song for the film. Many thanks to everyone for the feedback on the rough cut. It’s a great help as we refine our second edit. We’ve been working on improving the B-roll, flow, and timing of everything and will have to comb our sound into shape soon too.
We’ll post some stills from the film soon once we pull them and I figure out how to post them in the blog (I am a blog novice here)…
Good luck to everyone on their films-they all look great so far! Thanks for watching and supporting “Explore the Hudson”.
Best,
Josh Baum, “Explore the Hudson” Producer
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Jason Ignet
Ecopiphany
The Lexington crew finished re-shoots and pick-ups today and officially wrapped the long, interesting, and exciting production experience that has been…Ecopiphany. Coincidentally, the weather in South Carolina has been perfect for the team’s “vision,” at a constant 90-100 degree heat with plenty of humidity. It really brought out the edge Harrison needed as the environmentally ignorant main character. Honestly though, several scenes had to be cut short, omitted, or completely re-worked in order to survive the long hours it took to shoot some of the scenes. Today, for example, the team wanted to add the aspect of a flower as a symbol of epiphany for the main character in the desolate, HOT, almost lifeless interpretation of a future of constant global warming. It was so hot out, that none of them could find an adequate, blooming flower that would suffice. They had to use the blooms of a large tree in order to make it work. I guess that was a good example of life imitating art…It has taken the team 5 months to prepare a rough cut of a 10 page script, and none of them ever imagined that they would need to invest so much time into the production. Since the rough cut was posted, they have received tremendous suggestions and observations to which they are reviewing each and every frame with a much more critical eye. We thank everyone for these suggestions, and welcome more! I see this as essential work to complete a nicely polished final cut, but I do wish (at times) that I was on the beach, or at the lake, or on vacation somewhere instead of sitting in front of a computer screen looking at the same few seconds of footage over and over and over and over again. Post-production takes so much more time and effort than actually filming the movie. The crew is learning a lot about matching cuts, adding sound and polishing dialogue, pacing, and most importantly – using only what is essential to the overall message of the film.
Some observations from my perspective as production supervisor:
People (the public) are very interested in filmmaking. I watched as several passed us by and waited – if for a moment – to check out what is going on. Their interest and curiosity overpowered their instinct to ignore us, and after talking to many who just came right up to me and asked while filming was going on, they even agreed to log on and check out our rough cut on the WGBH website!
Evan, Padraig, and Ishan, even Harrison, have learned and have grown so much in the past few months. From a teacher’s perspective, I have noticed their skills increase each day, so much so that I took a much less active role in the process every time that we met. Today, they finished the parking garage scene by themselves, because they no longer needed my help and advice – it was a great accomplishment.
In a much more significant sense, however, (not even having anything to do with film) I have seen these students grow socially, responsibly, and emotionally. I think this is an aspect of the process that WGBH (unknowingly?) incorporates into each Open Call. These young filmmakers are certainly learning more about specific issues of our time and providing an excellent voice for each topic covered, but they are also learning a lot about themselves, and how they fit into this great big world. I have watched as my students worked together, laughed, yelled, struggled, overcame…all to accomplish something that ultimately will prove to them that they can achieve anything. And I think that is what this is all about. Ecopiphany has not just become a chance for these three students from Lexington High School to have their voice heard on the topic of Global Warming, it has been a chance for them to find their voices – and with that, a powerful sense of confidence, enthusiasm, personal strength, and passion.
What an amazing experience this has been…
but it’s not over yet…
More stats:
Total run-time: 00:10:01 (will be shortened)
1 lost cell phone
2.58 gallons of Dr. Pepper consumed (by one person!)
8 trips around the parking garage in my car for one scene
9 Locations used (we thank everyone for their cooperation!)
4 extras – 1 not used (sorry Connor)
approx. 175 miles driven by Harrison
100…MANY hours on visual effects by Evan
2 out of 3 times Padraig lost (one by me, one by Harrison)
5 GB left on our editing computer from 75 GB (that is how much we filmed)
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Jason Ignet
Ecopiphany
It is always interesting how fast time flies when you are doing something that you greatly enjoy. We started this “little” project about four months ago, and we are still going strong. I just checked our production schedule today and I said to myself, “Wow! We’ve been working on it for that long!? It certainly didn’t seem like it.” But it’s true…and we’re STILL not finished.
The crew from Lexington High School consists of Evan Wu, Padraig Kelly, and Ishan Patel. I mainly serve as their supervisor, producer (if I can be called that), and coordinator – I’ll also add blog creator too…because they are high school kids, and they have such busy lives. Anyway, the whole idea for Ecopiphany came from a long discussion in class one day after school. It was a group consensus that they did not want to do a documentary because they wanted to “be different,” their terms. So they wrote up a short script, filmed the pitch, and here we are.
It’s tough because they want to make it look so professional…but we just don’t have the resources yet. We are using basic digital camcorders, makeshift equipment for dollies and depth of field, locations based on availability but mostly improvised…it’s tough. The great thing is, they are not disheartened. They are having fun, doing a fantastic job with what they’ve got, and producing some great footage. On the positive side, our post production work should look amazing! I’ve been involved with filmmaking off-and-on since college so I was able to teach them how to use the FinalCut Pro software and little things on After Effects . Evan is a whiz-kid on After Effects (he’s the one who made the effects on the pitch reel). I literally spent several of my planning periods at school watching the tutorials at VIDEOCOPILOT.com so that I could catch up to him.
Stats so far (more to follow):
Crewmen (Ishan & Padraig), Crutches (Evan)
Footage = approx. 3 hrs. 21 mins. (which we have to edit down to 5 – 10 mins.)
Lead Actor = one Harrison Ayer: a very talented student from Lexington High School who stepped up when our “professional” was unable to work with us. He is doing a great job.
Trips to Columbia, SC (main location) – 5
Times Padraig forgot to start filming – 3
Times the crew forgot to turn the camera off – a lot!
Days lingered of “Totally Ripped Abs” – 2
Perfect shooting days – 7
Times Ishan was in the frame of a perfect shot – 1
Times Evan said “That’s a hole in my heart!” – countless (but we do have a name for our production company now, haha!)
They only have two more days of filming left, but we have already started editing some of the footage together. Now that school is out, they will meet with me in order to finish the rough cut on time.
Whew…it’s a lot of work, but it’s a lot of fun.
- more later… -
urbanartspartnership
How to Reduce your Carbon
Footprint
We applied for the grant to make an animation for WGBH because we felt this opportunity would provide us with a creative way to display the important issue of global warming and how each person in the world creates an impact through their carbon footprint. We wanted to bring awareness to some of the simple steps that each individual can and should take to offset their carbon footprint, such as turning your lights, TV or computer off when not in use; taking public transportation; and recycling. I don’t think my peers realize that they can be part of the solution to decrease global warming, so we hope our film is both an engaging and educational way to inform people and activate them to make changes.-Olivia McClendon and Zanetta King
As a class, we learned about Global Warming. We then asked ourselves the simplest steps we could each take to reduce our carbon footprint in our daily lives and save money while doing so. In learning the process of good storytelling, we all wrote down different ideas and presented them. Through selection and elimination, we came up with some winning ideas to weave into an entertaining story about carbon footprint. We learned key filmmaking concepts and skills (fiction vs. non-fiction, angles, framing, composition and visual design). We also talked about pop culture in filmmaking and how we could capitalize on that to evolve our story. We thought the most compelling way to get our audience’s attention and have them adopt these steps was by animating our trash turning into a monster and telling us to wake up and do something about the situation we are helping to create by non action. We used photo shop, photography, stop frame animation and adobe after effects to realize our vision.–Class Statement
I‘m learning how to use photo shop, animate, create characters that can speak and create thought bubbles and other awesome things. We are focusing on the environmental issue of reducing one’s carbon footprint. This is a great opportunity and I am learning a lot of new skills.-Christopher Guillen
I’m learning about what a carbon footprint is and how to animate. The main idea is to understand what a carbon footprint is and how can we show the world how to reduce it. The US has the highest carbon footprint and we must reduce it by carbon offsetting. Carbon offsetting is
how to make up for your carbon footprint capacity. Every little thing you do can affect the environment greatly.
Our class/crew decided that the solution we have is how can we reduce the amount of electricity, gas, and oilusage for ourselves. In the end, we are making an animation to show our ideas to the world. -Tenzin Gompo
I’m learning a lot about animation and how to reduce our carbon footprint. Some of the things we are animating are bottled water and gases from cars to give people an idea of what causes a carbon footprint. -Michael Cosme
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Kavita Pillay
Channeling the Martha Within (minus that whole megalomania and prison sentence thing)
Monday marks the 113th Boston Marathon, which got me thinking that making a film is like running a marathon. A marathon that involves carrying a shotput in one arm and throwing a javelin with the other while running hurdles every step of the way.
Whether these hurdles are creative, technical or financial, they can crush your epic celluloid career before you can say Camera d’Or. The important thing is to know that every filmmaker encounters hurdles. The other important thing is to figure out what gets you to clear those hurdles so that you can make it to the #%$@ finish line.
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Like tens of thousands of other women who are part of the crafty grrrl movement, I have found that when the going gets tough, the tough get glue gunning. So much so that my family now refers to me as Brown Martha. I have a closet full of quilling paper, embroidery floss, Gocco gear, soap making molds and eight years worth of Ready Made Magazine to back up my credentials, so minus the martinet persona + insider trading that goes along with such a title, I’m sort of proud of this nickname.
As such, when I came across something called a case bound tunnel book at a local Paper Source, I knew I had found the newest jewel in my little empire.
Look mommy, it's a case bound tunnel book!
Whee! This was my first attempt at a case bound tunnel book, which, in case you can’t tell, is the grown up version of a pop-up book. It took about four hours from start to finish and I made a number of errors along the way. I probably also have some nerve damage from gripping an Exacto knife for that long, but that’s a small sacrifice in the long quest for Empire. Regardless, four hours spent doing something creative and not related to my film helped me sit down and do other uncreative, film-related tasks (like transcribing and translating hours and hours of interviews). Which is why I thought that I would mention it here.
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I realize that some Lazy McLazingtons skipped all of the calorie zapping, wrinkle eliminating, life transforming secrets in the first five paragraphs of this post, so here are the Cliff Notes:
- Like filmmaking, many crafty endeavors involve problem solving.
- And creative problem solving in on one project can bleed over into other projects.
- Besides which, a film can take years to make. In the meanwhile it’s helpful to have pursuits that offer more immediate, tangible, creative gratification.
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If you share my penchant for decoupaging and glitter gluing your way out of your creative funks, you might also enjoy 43 Folders, a blog dedicated to “improving the quality of your career and life by managing your attention in a way that allows you to work your ass off on the creative projects that matter most to you.” Check it out then get back to work!
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Kavita Pillay
Amidst all the green, a whole lot of Red
I kept thinking that I would post something (at least once!) while in India.
But a shoot takes a lot out of you. A shoot in India, even more. Starting with electrolytes. Note to self: next time you’re stomach is not in top condition and you are negotiating the 75+ degree difference between a New England winter and the swamp that is south India, try not to pass out again from dehydration during a great interview where someone is telling you about his days as a heroin addict, how he balances his communist politics with a job for a multi-national car manufacturer and why he named his daughter after this Soviet-era cosmonaut.
Nonetheless, this first shoot was, by any measure, a success. Now the real work (capturing, logging, transcribing, translating, sequencing, cutting, re-cutting, re-re-cutting) begins.
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The day after we left for Kerala, The Economist ran a piece on its blog about the recession’s one-two punch to Kerala’s remittance based economy.
The Gulf gaveth, the recession taketh away
The lush state of Kerala in the south of India generates most of its foreign exchange either by exporting people or importing them.
It earned almost 20 billion rupees ($500m) from foreign tourists in 2006 (the latest year for which figures are available) and about 245 billion (in the same year) in remittances from Keralites working abroad, 89% of whom go to the Gulf.
The state has an astonishing 24.5 emigrants per 100 households. Kerala’s per capita output is one of the lowest in India, but its per capita expenditure is one of the highest…[And] the Gulf economies where most of these NRKs work are slowing. Some construction projects are on hold. As a result, Kerala may have to brace itself for a wave of reverse migration. [link]
Then, this article on laid-off foreigners leaving Dubai turned up in the New York Times on Feb. 11th, the day before we got back to Boston.
Going, going...long gone.
With Dubai’s economy in free fall, newspapers have reported that more than 3,000 cars sit abandoned in the parking lot at the Dubai Airport, left by fleeing, debt-ridden foreigners (who could in fact be imprisoned if they failed to pay their bills). Some are said to have maxed-out credit cards inside and notes of apology taped to the windshield.
The government says the real number is much lower. But the stories contain at least a grain of truth: jobless people here lose their work visas and then must leave the country within a month. That in turn reduces spending, creates housing vacancies and lowers real estate prices, in a downward spiral that has left parts of Dubai — once hailed as the economic superpower of the Middle East — looking like a ghost town. [link]
We passed most of Feb. 10th on an utterly depressing 15 hour layover in Dubai. Think Las Vegas on steroids, minus the fun. Reading this article on Feb. 11th made me wonder what lies ahead for the restaurant staffers whom we chatted with during the layover: a waitress who had a two year old baby back in Manila, a newly arrived young waiter from Cape Town, a restaurant manager from Colombo, and of course, service workers aplenty from Kerala.
Dubai is a major destination for Malayalis (people from Kerala, known as such because they speak Malayalam) and while in India, we heard a number of stories from young men who had recently returned home after getting laid off from jobs in Dubai and other Gulf states. The conundrum of Kerala is ever more apparent in the current economic slowdown. This very well written article (from a series of insightful NYTimes articles by Jason DeParle examining the consequences of global migration) puts it best:
Plagued by chronic unemployment, more Keralites than ever work abroad, often at sun-scorched jobs in the Persian Gulf that pay about $1 an hour and keep them from their families for years…Far from escaping capitalism, this celebrated corner of the developing world is painfully dependent on it.” [link]
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Amidst the verdant vegetation of Kerala, a whole lot of Red
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Chico Colvard
MOVIE REVIEW | ‘DOUBT’
v. Doubt ·ed, doubt·ing, doubts1. To be undecided or skeptical about.
2. To tend to disbelieve; distrust or suspect.
When our firmly held beliefs are called into question, we are often asked to present our skeptics with some degree of proof. In the field of law, this measure of proof must reach beyond a reasonable doubt. This legal standard is designed to cause any reasonable and prudent person to take pause in advance of condemning a defendant to time behind bars or worse. It is within this context of careful deliberation that the audience is asked to critically weigh all of the evidence – before passing judgment on Philip Seymour Hoffman, who plays the role of the (suspected) pedophile priest, Father Flynn, in the film Doubt.
Adapted from John Patrick Shanley’s play, Doubt sets a bleak stage right from the movie’s opening scene. We get our cue that a tragedy is lurking in the surrounding grey skies and desolate streets inhabited by swirling dead leaves. A low angle shot of a church towers over the audience as the camera quietly ushers us in. Pushing past the congregation, we see Father Flynn at the podium poised to deliver his sermon. “What do you do when you’re not sure?” he asks. “Doubt,” he goes on to say, “can be as powerful and sustaining as certainty.”
When I was growing up, my father was a well-respected man – a pillar of the community – deacon of the church. Like Father Flynn, he was to be trusted. It was not uncommon for
parents to leave their children with my father from time-to-time – for our families to go on fishing and camping trips together. From my sisters’ point of view, this cache of favor he had with the community presented an enormous challenge. If they were to reveal that our father had molested them for years, whom could they tell? Who would believe them? Doubt.Meryl Streep, as Sister Aloysius Beauvier, confronts Father Flynn and accuses him of having an “inappropriate” relationship with the only black student at an otherwise all white Catholic school. Her evidence against him is circumstantial – nothing that would ever hold up in court – certainly not against a “man of the cloth” (keep in mind the film takes place in the 1960s). Moreover, Sister Beauvier is not a charming soul, nor likeable and adored by the alter boys like Father Flynn. He always has sweets in his pocket, shiny objects to hand out and kind words to spare. Father Flynn shows the ostracized black student favor among his peers. By stark contrast, Sister Beauvier is stoic, a stickler for the rules and casts aspersions on others. It would be all too easy to suggest that Sister Beauvier’s claim stems from a clash of personalities – jealous of Father Flynn’s popularity among the students. And who would believe the black boy? Why would he tell when certain to be met with doubt? What if Father Flynn is telling the truth?
Child molestation is a taboo, because it is not supposed to happen, but in fact it does and by those we know and trust… so family members and people like priests are often implicated. But what does it mean to admit that someone we care deeply about and trust is capable of committing such an unspeakable crime? Who among us is prepared to accept that our friend, neighbor, colleague – family member or priest – is a pedophile? Accepting the truth of that reality is often contingent upon what is more convenient – or less problematic to believe. Proof. As young girls, my sisters believed that the only way to prove my father’s guilt beyond a reasonable doubt, was to have him “caught in the act.” Sister Beauvier sought to elicit a confession from Father Flynn. Both standards of proof require detailed maneuvering and in no way guarantee the intended results. In fact, even a well-laid plan can backfire and have dire consequences for all. There is no happy ending.
For both men, their lives are restored: Father Flynn gets to relocate to another parish with greater prestige and responsibilities, while my father was able to rebuild his family – a new wife, two children, as well as seemingly “normal” father-daughter relationships with my sisters, their kids and grandchildren. And this is the part of the story that never gets told – not in Little Children, The Woodsman, Capturing the Friedmans, Deliver Us From Evil, or Doubt. In each of these films, what we find are victims and offenders – and once the crime is revealed, the two are forever torn apart; never to reunite in any congenial way. But this is not the case. Children, like my sisters and the black alter boy in Doubt, often find themselves caught in situations of captivity, where they are conditioned to have an attachment to their offenders. Moreover, they, like anyone else, long for a loving family and place to go for the holidays and those special occasions. Family, like religion, often shapes our identities, so it stands to reason that the very victims themselves would gravitate toward those things, too. The choice really comes down to whether it’s easier to live a life with or without family and faith – even if betrayed by them. For the victims, we can look at this choice as a form of reparations; a quest to reclaim what was taken from them by their offenders. This is not, however, an act of forgiveness. Forgiveness can only come after the offender has both acknowledged the harm of what has happened, expressed remorse, apologized and tried to make amends. But that rarely happens and for my sisters, as well as the end result in Doubt, there is no exception. There is another kind of forgiveness that is more of a unilateral act on the part of the victim-survivor; that is, to let go of the anger, resentment and grief because they no longer want to be tormented by it. In this sense, forgiveness means giving up all hope of a better past.
Although Doubt does not capture all of the intricate details that make up the complex relationship between victims and offenders, there is no question that this is a deeply compelling story – delivered by a powerful cast.
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Kavita Pillay
Working through The Suck
Wise men sayeth that a documentary is made three times: once when it is conceived, another time when it is shot and then again when it is edited. Each phase is an opportunity to discover new truths about the subject matter, as well as new truths about oneself.
Three years after being inspired by a young boy named Stalin in a south Indian town called Moscow, my director of photography and I are finally on the verge of leaving for our first shoot in Kerala. With less than 72 hours before we leave Boston, the checklist of things that we need to do grows ever longer. And so does the mental list of things that might thwart us from Taking Care of Business.
A 15 month stint in India left me well acquainted with the myriad factors that are most likely to hold us back: heat and humidity, mosquitoes and chikungunya, random power outages, statewide strikes, gastrointestinal distress, kamikaze drivers, obstinate bureaucracy, nosy neighbors…
I might as well add killer robots, nuclear armageddon and black holes to the list, because the aforementioned circumstances are also pretty much out of my control. In other words, there’s little use worrying about all of this.
Which hasn’t stopped me from worrying.
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As I move from conception to shooting, I have come to realize that I lose sleep about such things as a way of avoiding a bigger fear – that I am not not capable of making a film as good as the one in my head, that my many failings with hold us back.
My DP occasionally doubles as my personal Yoda, and so I asked him, Oh DP-san, what if I’m not good enough or smart enough? Doggoneit, what if people don’t like me OR my film?
Disappointment is inherent, grasshopper, said he. Use it to drive you forward.
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The truth is that the end result will never lives up to the awesomefabutabulous version of My Good Name Is Stalin that plays on a continuous loop in my mind. That’s just the facts, ma’am. The only way to close the gap between where I am and where I aspire to go is to keep working through The Suck.
For the first couple of years that you’re making stuff, what you’re making isn’t so good. It’s not that great…it’s trying to be good, it has ambition to be good, but it’s not quite that good.
But your taste – the thing that got you into the game – your taste is still killer. And your taste is good enough that you can tell that what you’re making is kind of a disappointment to you. You can tell that it’s still sort of crappy.
A lot of people never get past that phase. A lot of people, at that point, they quit. And the thing that I would say to you with all my heart is that most everybody I know who does interesting, creative work, they went through a phase of years where they had really good taste and they could tell that what they were making wasn’t as good as they wanted it to be…it didn’t have the special thing that they wanted it to have.
And the thing I would say to you is that everybody goes through that…you gotta know that it’s totally normal. The most important possible thing you can do is to do a lot of work. [link]
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So what then if you get past that phase and you are still muddling through The Suck?
Years ago I listened to an interview with five Pulitzer Prize winning authors, all of whom admitted to cringing when they read their earlier work. Not the stuff they wrote when they were angst ridden teenagers, but the stuff that earned them a Pulitzer. And so I figure that if Jane Smiley and Richard Ford have done epic, best-selling, award winning work that occasionally makes them cringe, then who am I to be immune to pangs of inadequacy?
No matter what stage you are at, if the creative work that you are doing doesn’t match up with the creative work that you aspire to do, this video at the top of this post (featuring Uncle Ira, once again) is for you. It is easily the best five minutes that I have ever spent on YouTube. At least since this (which amounted to five minutes because it begs to be viewed more than once).
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Kavita Pillay
Stalin: Greatest Russian in History?
Hirsute or not hirsute...
NPR and I have this telepathic thing going on, they just don’t know it.
I say this because Morning Edition ran this story on Stalin on the day that I officially began working on My Good Name Is Stalin as an FIR.
It felt like a timely bit of validation for my project, one that also made for good ‘GBH water cooler conversation. I even thought of the coincidence as a little auspicious. Stalin’s myriad atrocities however…not so auspicious.
Russians have the chance to pick the greatest Russian in history during a 13-part TV series that began airing there this month. Internet voting has already generated controversy by temporarily putting Soviet dictator Josef Stalin at the top of the list. [link]
Eek!
A recent survey indicates that a majority of Russians today support Stalin’s policies. The NPR report includes a man-on-the-street interview with (a guy whose name sounded something like) Igor Stepanov, who states that:
“Whether the consensus decides that Stalin was good or bad for Russia will have to be seen. But it wouldn’t be right to ignore his role in history.”
* * *
On a less somber note, my friend Farhana kindly alerted me to this piece, also courtesy of NPR.
Prof. Steve Jones, head of the biology department at University College London, took a look at portraits of Russian leaders since 1917 and noticed a very curious pattern. Male pattern baldness, to be more precise.
With that, a song was born. Hit it :
Lenin was bald
But Stalin was hairy
Khrushchev was bald
But Brezhnev was hairy
Andropov bald
Chernenko hairy
Gorbachev bald
Yeltsin hairy
Putin is bald
Medyedev was hairy
They switch back and forth
The pattern is scaaaaryyyyyy…
(Hey, hey, hey, hey) [link]
The ten men who have lead post-Tsarist Russia may have excelled at quelling freedom of speech, but efforts at suppressing the powers of the Y chromosome have proved a little, uh…hairy.
